A prospective study in women: açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) dietary intake affects serum p-selectin, leptin, and visfatin levels / Un estudio prospectivo en mujeres: la ingesta dietética de açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) afecta a los niveles séricos de p-selectina, leptina y visfatina

BACKGROUND: açaí is the fruit of the palm tree Euterpe oleracea Martius, which is native to the Amazon region. This fruit has been extensively studied due to its potential effects on human health. Studies have also evaluated the potential effect of açaí on the inflammatory response, but there are still few studies that have assessed this property in humans. OBJECTIVE: in this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of 200 g of açaí pulp consumption per day during four weeks on a rich panel of inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS: a prospective nutritional intervention study was conducted on forty apparently healthy women who consumed 200 g of açaí pulp per day for four weeks. A panel of serum inflammatory markers were evaluated before and after the nutritional intervention, namely, cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, IVAM-1, P-selectin, MCP-1, and fractalkine), interleukins (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17) and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and adipsin). The data were analyzed using paired Student's t-test to evaluate the effect of the intervention using PASW Statistics, version 18.0, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: four weeks of açaí pulp consumption decreased p-selectin, leptin, and visfatin concentrations in the serum of the participating women. CONCLUSION: these results show that consumption of açaí pulp was able to modulate important biomarkers of the inflammatory process in apparently healthy women

INTRODUCCIÓN: el açaí es el fruto de la palmera Euterpe oleracea Martius, originaria de la región amazónica. Esta fruta ha sido ampliamente estudiada debido a sus posibles efectos sobre la salud humana. Los estudios también han evaluado el efecto potencial del açaí sobre la respuesta inflamatoria, pero todavía hay pocos estudios que hayan evaluado esta propiedad en seres humanos. OBJETIVO: en este estudio, nuestro objetivo ha sido evaluar los efectos del consumo de 200 g de pulpa de açaí por día durante cuatro semanas sobre un rico panel de biomarcadores inflamatorios. MÉTODOS: se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo de intervención nutricional en el que cuarenta mujeres aparentemente sanas han consumido 200 g de pulpa de açaí al día durante cuatro semanas. Se ha evaluado un panel de marcadores inflamatorios séricos antes y después de la intervención nutricional, a saber, moléculas de adhesión celular (ICAM-1, IVAM-1, P-selectina, MCP-1 y fractalquina), interleucinas (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 e IL-17) y adipocinas (adiponectina, leptina, visfatina y adipsina). Los datos han sido analizados mediante la prueba de la t de Student pareada para evaluar el efecto de la intervención mediante el PASW Statistics, versión 18.0, y todo valor de p < 0,05 se consideró significativo. RESULTADOS: después de cuatro semanas de consumo de pulpa de açaí disminuyeron las concentraciones de p-selectina, leptina y visfatina en el suero de las mujeres participantes. CONCLUSIÓN: estos resultados muestran que el consumo de pulpa de açaí ha sido capaz de modular importantes biomarcadores del proceso inflamatorio en mujeres aparentemente sanas

A prospective study in women: açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) dietary intake affects serum p-selectin, leptin, and visfatin levels.

INTRODUCTION: Background: açaí is the fruit of the palm tree Euterpe oleracea Martius, which is native to the Amazon region. This fruit has been extensively studied due to its potential effects on human health. Studies have also evaluated the potential effect of açaí on the inflammatory response, but there are still few studies that have assessed this property in humans. Objective: in this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of 200 g of açaí pulp consumption per day during four weeks on a rich panel of inflammatory biomarkers. Methods: a prospective nutritional intervention study was conducted on forty apparently healthy women who consumed 200 g of açaí pulp per day for four weeks. A panel of serum inflammatory markers were evaluated before and after the nutritional intervention, namely, cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, IVAM-1, P-selectin, MCP-1, and fractalkine), interleukins (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17) and adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, visfatin, and adipsin). The data were analyzed using paired Student's t-test to evaluate the effect of the intervention using PASW Statistics, version 17.0, and a p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: four weeks of açaí pulp consumption decreased p-selectin, leptin, and visfatin concentrations in the serum of the participating women. Conclusion: these results show that consumption of açaí pulp was able to modulate important biomarkers of the inflammatory process in apparently healthy women.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el açaí es el fruto de la palmera Euterpe oleracea Martius, originaria de la región amazónica. Esta fruta ha sido ampliamente estudiada debido a sus posibles efectos sobre la salud humana. Los estudios también han evaluado el efecto potencial del açaí sobre la respuesta inflamatoria, pero todavía hay pocos estudios que hayan evaluado esta propiedad en seres humanos. Objetivo: en este estudio, nuestro objetivo ha sido evaluar los efectos del consumo de 200 g de pulpa de açaí por día durante cuatro semanas sobre un rico panel de biomarcadores inflamatorios. Métodos: se ha realizado un estudio prospectivo de intervención nutricional en el que cuarenta mujeres aparentemente sanas han consumido 200 g de pulpa de açaí al día durante cuatro semanas. Se ha evaluado un panel de marcadores inflamatorios séricos antes y después de la intervención nutricional, a saber, moléculas de adhesión celular (ICAM-1, IVAM-1, P-selectina, MCP-1 y fractalquina), interleucinas (IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 e IL-17) y adipocinas (adiponectina, leptina, visfatina y adipsina). Los datos han sido analizados mediante la prueba de la t de Student pareada para evaluar el efecto de la intervención mediante el PASW Statistics, versión 17.0, y todo valor de p < 0,05 se consideró significativo. Resultados: después de cuatro semanas de consumo de pulpa de açaí disminuyeron las concentraciones de p-selectina, leptina y visfatina en el suero de las mujeres participantes. Conclusión: estos resultados muestran que el consumo de pulpa de açaí ha sido capaz de modular importantes biomarcadores del proceso inflamatorio en mujeres aparentemente sanas.

Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) Promotes Jejunal Tissue Regeneration by Enhancing Antioxidant Response in 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Mucositis.

Intestinal mucositis (IM) caused by antineoplastic chemotherapy is characterized by an important inflammatory process, which may compromise ongoing treatment. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) on the antioxidant response in BALB/c mice pretreated with Açaí pulp (200 g/kg) for 14 day. A group of animals receiving a single intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (200 mg/kg) were euthanized on day three (D3) or seven (D7) after administration, the distal jejunum was isolated for the analyses of histology, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities, and concentration of total sulfhydryl groups (GSH). Seven days after induction, the intake of Açaí by the IM group almost completely regenerated tissue histology. Notably, SOD activity decreased in the MUC + Açaí group (D3). CAT activity reduced on D3 and D7 in the IM groups and Açaí treatment groups, respectively. No change was observed in the total GSH concentration at the tissue level. Our results demonstrated the protective effect of Açaí pulp components on intestinal damage induced by 5-FU, as well as the ability to control the response to oxidative stress, in order to mobilize defense pathways and promote tissue repair.

Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) dietary intake affects plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, cholesteryl ester transfer to high-density lipoprotein and redox metabolism: A prospective study in women.

The açai fruit (Euterpe oleracea Martius), which is native to the Brazilian Amazon region, was shown to have high polyphenols and MUFA contents. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of açai consumption on plasma lipids, apolipoproteins, the transfer of lipids to HDL (which is a relevant HDL function), and some biomarkers of redox metabolism. Forty healthy volunteer women aged 24 ± 3 years consumed 200 g of açai pulp/day for 4 weeks; their clinical variables and blood sample were obtained before and after this period. Açai pulp consumption did not alter anthropometric parameters, systemic arterial pressure, glucose, insulin and total, LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein (apo) B, but it did increase the concentration of apo A-I. Açai consumption decreased the ROS, ox-LDL and malondialdehyde while increasing the activity of antioxidative paraoxonase 1. Overall, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was increased. Regarding the transfer of plasma lipids to HDL, açai consumption increased the transfer of cholesteryl esters (p = 0.0043) to HDL. Unesterified cholesterol, phospholipids and triglyceride transfers were unaffected. The increase in apo A-I and the cholesteryl ester transfer to HDL after the açai intake period suggests that an improvement in the metabolism of this lipoprotein occurred, and it is well known that HDL is protective against atherosclerosis. Another important finding was the general improvement of the anti-oxidant defences elicited by açai consumption. Our data indicate that açai has favourable actions on plasma HDL metabolism and anti-oxidant defence; therefore açai could have a beneficial overall role against atherosclerosis, and it is a consistently good candidate to consider as a functional food.

Difference in fatty acids composition of breast adipose tissue in women with breast cancer and benign breast disease.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world, and the most frequent cancer among women. Moreover, there are factors that influence the risk for breast cancer including the age, genetic and endocrine factors, and lifestyle. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the consumption of fatty acids; compare the fatty acids composition in the breast adipose tissue of women with breast cancer and benign breast disease as well as potential risk factors; and describe the genotypic frequency of the Pro12Ala PPARγ polymorphism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted including incident cases (n= 38 breast cancer; n= 75 benign breast disease; n= 166 control). Lifestyle features, socioeconomic issues, dietary intake, anthropometry, and blood and tissue data were assessed. RESULTS: No differences were observed for fatty acids intake. Interestingly, lauric acid (p = 0.001), myristic acid (p = 0.036), stearic acid (p = 0.031), and total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (p = 0.048) had lower concentrations in BC than in BBD women, while palmitoleic acid (p = 0.022), erucic acid (p = 0.002), total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (p = 0.039) and oleic acid/stearic acid ratio (p = 0.015) increased. There was no significant association between PPARγ polymorphism and studied groups (p = 0.977). The age at first full pregnancy (p = 0.004) was significantly associated with the development BC, whereas BMI (p = 0.005); percentage of body fat (p = 0.024); physical activity (p = 0.036); and age at menarche (p = 0.008), at first full pregnancy (p < 0.001), and of first mammogram (p = 0.018) were significantly associated with the development of BBD. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a different fatty acids composition of breast adipose tissue, a biomarker of long-term dietary intake, particularly for SFAs, MUFA and 18: 1 n-9/18: 00 ratio. Our findings also show that are differences in the factors related to the development of BC and BBC.

Difference in fatty acids composition of breast adipose tissue in women with breast cancer and benign breast disease / Diferencia en la composición de ácidos grasos del tejido adiposo de la mama en mujeres con cáncer de mama y enfermedad benigna de la mama

Introduction: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in the world, and the most frequent cancer among women. Moreover, there are factors that influence the risk for breast cancer including the age, genetic and endocrine factors, and lifestyle. Objectives: To evaluate the consumption of fatty acids; compare the fatty acids composition in the breast adipose tissue of women with breast cancer and benign breast disease as well as potential risk factors; and describe the genotypic frequency of the Pro12Ala PPARγ polymorphism. Material and methods: A hospital-based case-control study was conducted including incident cases (n = 38 breast cancer; n = 75 benign breast disease; n = 166 control). Lifestyle features, socioeconomic issues, dietary intake, anthropometry, and blood and tissue data were assessed. Results: No differences were observed for fatty acids intake. Interestingly, lauric acid (p = 0.001), myristic acid (p = 0.036), stearic acid (p = 0.031), and total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (p = 0.048) had lower concentrations in BC than in BBD women, while palmitoleic acid (p = 0.022), erucic acid (p = 0.002), total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (p = 0.039) and oleic acid/stearic acid ratio (p = 0.015) increased. There was no significant association between PPARγ polymorphism and studied groups (p = 0.977). The age at first full pregnancy (p = 0.004) was significantly associated with the development BC, whereas BMI (p = 0.005); percentage of body fat (p = 0.024); physical activity (p = 0.036); and age at menarche (p = 0.008), at first full pregnancy (p < 0.001), and of first mammogram (p = 0.018) were significantly associated with the development of BBD. Conclusion: The results suggest a different fatty acids composition of breast adipose tissue, a biomarker of long-term dietary intake, particularly for SFAs, MUFA and 18: 1 n-9/18: 00 ratio. Our findings also show that are differences in the factors related to the development of BC and BBC (AU)

Introducción: el cáncer de mama (CM) es el segundo cáncer más común en el mundo, y el cáncer más frecuente entre las mujeres. Por otra parte, hay factores que influyen en el riesgo de padecer CM, entre los que se encuentran la edad, factores genéticos y endocrinos, y el estilo de vida. Objetivos: evaluar el consumo de ácidos grasos; comparar la composición de ácidos grasos en el tejido adiposo de mama de las mujeres con CM y enfermedad benigna de mama (EBM), así como los posibles factores de riesgo; y describir la frecuencia genotípica del polimorfismo Pro12Ala PPARγ. Material y métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio caso-control basado en hospitales, incluyendo casos incidentes (n = 38 cáncer de mama, n = 75 enfermedad benigna de mama, n = 166 control). Se evaluaron las características del estilo de vida, las cuestiones socioeconómicas, la ingesta dietética, la antropometría y los datos de sangre y tejidos. Resultados: no se observaron diferencias para la ingesta de ácidos grasos. Curiosamente, ácido láurico (p = 0,001), ácido mirístico (p = 0,036), ácido esteárico (p = 0,031) y los ácidos grasos totales saturados (AGS) (p = 0,048) tenían concentraciones más bajas en CM que en mujeres EBM, mientras ácido palmitoleico (p = 0,022), ácido erúcico (p = 0,002), los ácidos totales grasos monoinsaturados (MUFA) (p = 0,039) y la relación ácido oleico/ácido esteárico (p = 0,015) aumentó. No hubo asociación significativa entre el polimorfismo PPAR gamma y los grupos de estudio (p = 0,977). La edad al primer embarazo (p = 0,004) se asoció de forma signifi cativa con el desarrollo de CM, mientras que el IMC (p = 0,005), porcentaje de grasa corporal (p = 0,024), la actividad física (p = 0,036) y la edad de la menarquia (p = 0,008), al primer embarazo (p < 0,001), y de la primera mamografía (p = 0,018), fueron significativamente asociados con el desarrollo de EBM. Conclusiones: los resultados sugieren una composición diferente de ácidos grasos del tejido adiposo de la mama, un biomarcador de la ingesta dietética a largo plazo, particularmente para SFA, MUFA y 18: 1 n-9/18: 00. Nuestros hallazgos también muestran que existen diferencias en los factores relacionados con el desarrollo de CM y EBM (AU)

Lifestyle and vitamin D dosage in women with breast cancer.

INTRODUCTION: The prevention strategy of breast cancer is still the key factor for early diagnosis and the most effective method for tracking the disease. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association vitamin D level with breast cancer in women. METHODS: This hospital case-control study was conducted with 181 women with breast cancer and 197 healthy controls. Vitamin D status, calcium, phosphorus and PTH serum dosage and data collection related to lifestyle and patient's history, besides anthropometric measurements were performed. Univariate analysis (Chi-square and raw odds ratio) and multivariate analysis were performed through multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: This study shows a higher value of vitamin D in health controls (26.9 mg/dL) than in breast cancer women (24.8 mg/dL). Higher numbers of women with sufficient vitamin D status (34.85%) were found in control group than cancer group. Using the multiple logistic regression model, the family history of breast cancer (OR 36.37, 95%CI 4.75-278.50) and menopause (OR 5.17, 95% CI 2.72-9.80) had a direct association with breast cancer, while the level of vitamin D (OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.91-0.99) and moderate physical activity (OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.10-0.93) maintained the inverse associations with the disease. CONCLUSION: Vitamin D status and the practice of moderate physical activity were considered protective factors for breast cancer. However, menopause and family history of breast cancer were considered a risk factor for breast cancer.

Lifestyle and vitamin D dosage in women with breast cancer / Relación de la vitamina D y el ejercicio físico en mujeres con cáncer de mama

Introduction: The prevention strategy of breast cancer is still the key factor for early diagnosis and the most effective method for tracking the disease. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association vitamin D level with breast cancer in women. Methods: This hospital case-control study was conducted with 181 women with breast cancer and 197 healthy controls. Vitamin D status, calcium, phosphorus and PTH serum dosage and data collection related to lifestyle and patient’s history, besides anthropometric measurements were performed. Univariate analysis (Chi-square and raw odds ratio) and multivariate analysis were performed through multivariate logistic regression. Results: This study shows a higher value of vitamin D in health controls (26.9 mg/dL) than in breast cancer women (24.8 mg/dL). Higher numbers of women with sufficient vitamin D status (34.85%) were found in control group than cancer group. Using the multiple logistic regression model, the family history of breast cancer (OR 36.37, 95%CI 4.75-278.50) and menopause (OR 5.17, 95% CI 2.72-9.80) had a direct association with breast cancer, while the level of vitamin D (OR 0.95, 95%CI 0.91-0.99) and moderate physical activity (OR 0.31, 95%CI 0.10-0.93) maintained the inverse associations with the disease. Conclusion: Vitamin D status and the practice of moderate physical activity were considered protective factors for breast cancer. However, menopause and family history of breast cancer were considered a risk factor for breast cancer (AU)

Introducción: la estrategia de prevención del cáncer de mama sigue siendo el factor clave para el diagnóstico precoz y el método más eficaz para el seguimiento de la enfermedad. Objetivo: este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el nivel de vitamina D asociado con el cáncer de mama en las mujeres. Métodos: este estudio de casos y controles hospitalarios se llevó a cabo con 181 mujeres con cáncer de mama y 197 controles sanas. Se estudió el nivel de vitamina D, calcio, fósforo y la dosis de suero PTH; se recopilaron de datos relacionados con el estilo de vida y con la historia de las pacientes, además se realizaron mediciones antropométricas. El análisis univariante (Chi-cuadrado probabilidades y primas ratio) y el análisis multivariado se realizó mediante regresión logística multivariante. Resultados: este estudio muestra un valor más alto de vitamina D en los controles de salud (26,9 mg/dl) que en las mujeres con cáncer de mama (24,8 mg/dl). Se encontraron más mujeres con suficiente vitamina D (34,85%) en el grupo control que en el grupo de cáncer. Usando el modelo de regresión logística múltiple, la historia familiar de cáncer de mama (OR 36,37; IC del 95%: 4,75 a 278,50) y la menopausia (OR 5,17; IC del 95%: 2,72 a 9,80) se halló una relación directa con el cáncer de mama, mientras que el nivel de vitamina D (OR 0,95; IC del 95%: 0,91 a 0,99) y la actividad física moderada (OR 0,31; IC del 95%: 0,10 a 0,93) mantienen las asociaciones inversas con la enfermedad. Conclusión: el estado de vitamina D y la práctica de actividad física moderada se consideraron factores de protección para el cáncer de mama. Sin embargo, la menopausia y la historia familiar de cáncer de mama se consideran un factor de riesgo para el cáncer de mama (AU)

Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) pulp dietary intake improves cellular antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers of serum in healthy women.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of açai pulp (Euterpe oleracea Martius) intake on the prevention of oxidative damage by measuring the activity of antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers of protein oxidation in women. METHODS: A nutritional intervention study was conducted with thirty-five healthy women who were asked to consume 200 g/d of açai pulp for 4 wk. Blood samples were collected, and blood pressure and anthropometric parameters were measured before and after the experimental period. Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, production of reactive oxygen species, and total antioxidant capacity were evaluated in polymorphonuclear cells. Serum concentration of protein carbonyl and sulfhydryl groups were also determined. RESULTS: The açai intake increased catalase activity, total antioxidant capacity, and reduced the production of reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, it reduced serum concentration of protein carbonyl and increased total serum sulfhydryl groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results show the antioxidant benefit of dietary açai for the healthy women included in the present study, and may increase understanding of the beneficial health properties of this fruit.

The consumption of acai pulp changes the concentrations of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in apparently healthy women / El consumo de pulpa acai cambia las concentraciones de activador del plasminógeno inhibidor 1 y factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGT) en mujeres aparentemente sanas

Introduction: obesity, characterized by adiposity excess, is associated with endothelial dysfunction and possible inflammatory state with release of cytokines that determine endothelial function and can trigger chronic diseases. The dietary pattern are associated with the synthesis these cytokines. Fruits as the acai, which is rich in flavonoids, have a direct and beneficial effect on the control of this inflammatory process through the exercised antioxidant capacity. Objective: to evaluate the effect of acai pulp consumption on the inflammatory markers, anthropometric measurements, body composition, biochemical and dietary parameters in healthy women. Methods: forty women, were divided in 25 eutrophic and 15 with overweight. They intaked 200 g of acai pulp during 4 weeks. Anthropometric measurements, body composition, inflammatory markers, biochemical data, dietary intake and dietary antioxidants capacity were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results and discussion: after the intervention, there was significant increase of EGF (p=0.021) and PAI- 1(p=0.011) in overweight women. Moreover, there was increase in body weight (p=0.031), body mass index (p=0.028), percentage of truncal fat (p=0.003) and triceps skinfold thickness (p=0.046) in eutrophic women. However, the skinfold thickness (p=0.018) and total body fat (p=0.016) decreased in overweight women. There was reduction of total protein (p=0.049) due to the globulin reduction (p=0.005), but the nutritional status was maintained in eutrophic group. Conclusion: the intake of 200g acai pulp, modulated the EGF and PAI-1 expression, possibly by modulation of acai on the parameters of body composition, dietary, clinical, biochemical and inflammatory, led to a redistribution and resizing of body fat of the trunk area, and presumably increased visceral fat (AU)

Introducción: la obesidad, que se caracteriza por el exceso de adiposidad, se asocia con disfunción endotelial y posible estado inflamatorio con liberación de citoquinas que determinan la función endotelial y pueden desencadenar enfermedades crónicas. El patrón de dieta está asociado con la síntesis de estas citoquinas. Los frutos del acai, que es rico en flavonoides, tienen un efecto directo y positivo en el control de este proceso inflamatorio a través de los ejercicios de la capacidad antioxidante. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del consumo de pulpa de acai en los marcadores inflamatorios, las medidas antropométricas, la composición corporal y los parámetros bioquímicos y dietéticos en mujeres sanas. Métodos: cuarenta mujeres fueron divididas en 25 eutróficas y 15 con sobrepeso. Se las administró 200 g de pulpa de acai durante 4 semanas. Antes y después de la intervención se evaluaron: medidas antropométricas, composición corporal, marcadores inflamatorios, datos bioquímicos, ingesta dietética y antioxidantes en la dieta. Resultados y discusión: después de la intervención, hubo un aumento significativo de EGF (p=0,021) y PAI-1 (p=0,011) en las mujeres con sobrepeso. Por otra parte, en las mujeres eutróficas hubo aumento del peso corporal (p=0,031), el índice de masa corporal (p=0,028), el porcentaje de grasa del tronco (p=0,003) y el espesor del pliegue cutáneo del tríceps (p=0,046). Sin embargo, el espesor del pliegue cutáneo (p=0,018) y la grasa corporal total (p=0,016) se redujeron en las mujeres con sobrepeso. Hubo una reducción de la proteína total (p=0,049) debida a la disminución de globulina (p=0,005), pero el estado nutricional se mantuvo en el grupo eutrófico. Conclusión: la ingesta de 200 g de pulpa de acai modula el EGF y PAI-1 de expresión, posiblemente por la modulación del acai en los parámetros de la composición corporal, la dieta, clínicos, bioquímicos e inflamatorios, lo que dio lugar a una redistribución y modificación del tamaño de la grasa corporal de la zona del tronco, y, presumiblemente, un aumento de la grasa visceral (AU)

Prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in children aged less than 60 months: A population-based study from the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil / Prevalência de anemia ferropriva em crianças menores de 60 meses: estudo de base populacional no Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence of iron-deficiency anemia in children aged less than 60 months and the conditioning factors in Minas Gerais, Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study conducted from February 2007 to July 2008 in Minas Gerais included a random sample of 725 male and female children aged less than 60 months. A household survey was administered to the children's parents or guardians to collect socioeconomic, demographic, food security, and the child's anthropometric data. The hemoglobin level was determined by a portable hemoglobinometer. Anemia was considered present when hemoglobin levels were below 11.0 g/dL. Statistical analyses estimated the prevalence of anemia and its association with socioeconomic, demographic, and food security-related variables. The model was adjusted by multivariate logistic regression. The significance level was set at 5% (p<0.05). RESULTS: The prevalence of anemia was 37.4%. The greatest prevalence occurred in the age group 6 to 24 months (43.0%). The associated variables were being female (PR=1.43; p<0.026); age (PR=1.53; p<0.024); and not frequenting a daycare center (PR=2.41; p<0.001). In the multivariate regression model, the variables being female and not frequenting a daycare center remained in the model. CONCLUSION: The present population-based study found that in Minas Gerais, one-third (37.5%) of the children aged less than 60 months have iron-deficiency anemia. The results show that not frequenting a daycare center and being female are risk factors for anemia. .

OBJETIVO: Identificar a prevalência de anemia em crianças menores de 60 meses e seus fatores condicionantes, em Minas Gerais. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostra probabilística de 725 crianças menores de 60 meses de idade, de ambos os sexos, realizado entre fevereiro de 2007 e julho de 2008, em Minas Gerais. Por meio de inquérito domiciliar aplicado aos responsáveis pelas crianças, foram obtidas informações sobre as condições socioeconômicas, demográficas e situação de segurança alimentar, bem como obtidas as medidas antropométricas. A dosagem de hemoglobina foi analisada em hemoglobinômetro portátil, considerando-se como anemia valor <11,0 g/ dL. A análise estatística estimou a prevalência da anemia e sua associação com condições socioeconômicas, demográficas e segurança alimentar. O modelo foi ajustado por regressão logística multivariada. Adotou-se p<0,05 como nível crítico para definir significância estatística. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de anemia foi de 37,4%. A maior prevalência ocorreu na faixa etária de 6 a 24 meses (43,0%). As variáveis associadas foram: sexo feminino (RP=1,43; p<0,026); idade (RP=1,53; p<0,024) e não frequentar creche (RP=2,41; p<0,001). No modelo de regressão multivariada, permaneceram as variáveis sexo feminino e não frequentar creche. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo, de base populacional, mostrou que em Minas Gerais um terço das crianças (37,5%) com menos de 60 meses de idade apresentava anemia ferropriva. Os resultados revelaram que não frequentar creche e ser do sexo feminino configuram situações de risco à ocorrência de anemia. .

Caracterização sociodemográfica, nutricional e dietética de mulheres com câncer de mama atendidas em hospital público de Minas Gerais / Sociodemographic, nutritional and dietary characteristics of women with breast cancer treated at a public hospital in Minas Gerais state, Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the sociodemographic, dietary and nutritional profile of women with breast cancer. Data Source: A case-control study was conducted in a public hospital in Minas Gerais state involving 43 women with breast cancer and a control group of 78 women. Sociodemographic, anthropometric and dietary analyses were carried out. Diet quality was measured by the Healthy Eating Index adapted for the Brazilian population. Data between groups were compared using the Chi-square and Fisher tests. Student ́s ttest and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare the diet quality between the women with breast cancer and those of the control group. DATA SYNTHESIS: Most of the women with breast cancer had low educational level, lower socioeconomic status, higher frequency of overweight, and diet quality classified as needing improvement. In relation to food intake, the women with breast cancer consumed a higher amount of dairy products compared with those of the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The women with breast cancer were classified as of lower socioeconomic level, overweight, and with diet requiring improvements. Studies on breast cancer should investigate such characteristics because this is a disease of multifactorial origin which presents several risk factors

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico, nutricional e dietético de mulheres com câncer de mama. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo caso-controle realizado em hospital público de Minas Gerais com 43 mulheres com câncer de mama e 78 mulheres do grupo controle. Foram realizadas as análises sociodemográficas, antropométricas e dietéticas. A qualidade da dieta foi medida pelo Índice de Alimentação Saudável adaptado para a população brasileira. Realizaram-se os testes Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher para comparar as variáveis entre os grupos e os testes t-Student e U-Mann-Whitney na comparação da qualidade da dieta entre o grupo de mulheres com câncer de mama e grupo controle. Resultados: A maior parte das mulheres com câncer de mama apresentou baixa escolaridade, pior condição socioeconômica, maior frequência de excesso de peso e qualidade da dieta classificada como necessitando de melhorias. Em relação ao consumo alimentar, esse grupo apresentou maior consumo de produtos lácteos quando comparado ao grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: Mulheres com câncer de mama foram classificadas com pior nível socioeconômico, excesso de peso e dieta pontualmente inadequada. Estudos sobre neoplasia mamária devem investigar tais características, já que essa é uma doença de origem multifatorial e, portanto, apresenta vários fatores de risco

Adhesion molecules and chemokines: relation to anthropometric, body composition, biochemical and dietary variables / Moléculas de adhesión y quimiocinas; relación con variables antropométricas, de composición corporal, bioquímicas y dietéticas

Introduction: Among the inflammatory mediators involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, the cell adhesion molecules Pselectin, E-selectin, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and the chemokine MCP-1 stand out. They play a crucial role in adherence of cells to endothelial surfaces, in the integrity of the vascular wall and can be modulated by body composition and dietary pattern. Objectives: To describe and discuss the relation of these cell adhesion molecules and chemokines to anthropometric, body composition, dietary and biochemical markers. Methods: Papers were located using scientific databases by topic searches with no restriction on year of publication. Results: All molecules were associated positively with anthropometric markers, but controversial results were found for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Not only obesity, but visceral fat is more strongly correlated with E-selectin and MCP-1 levels. Weight loss influences the reduction in the levels of these molecules, except VCAM-1. The distribution of macronutrients, excessive consumption of saturated and trans fat and a Western dietary pattern are associated with increased levels. The opposite could be observed with supplementation of w-3 fatty acid, healthy dietary pattern, high calcium diet and high dairy intake. Regarding the biochemical parameters, they have inverse relation to HDLC and positive relation to total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Conclusion: Normal anthropometric indicators, body composition, biochemical parameters and eating pattern positively modulate the subclinical inflammation that results from obesity by reducing the cell adhesion molecules and chemokines (AU)

Introducción: Entre los mediadores inflamatorios involucrados en la fisiopatogenia de la obesidad, se destacan las moléculas de adhesión P-selectina, E-selectina, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 y la quimiocina MCP-1. Estas desempeñan un papel crucial en la adherencia de células en las superficies endoteliales y en la integridad de la pared vascular y pueden ser moduladas por la composición corporal y patrón alimentario. Objetivos: Describir y discutir la relación de esas moléculas de adhesión y quimiocina con marcadores antropométricos, composición corporal, bioquímicas y dietéticas. Métodos: Se utilizaron bases científicas electrónicas para selección de artículos, sin límite de año de publicación. Resultados: Todas las moléculas se asociaron de forma positiva con marcadores antropométricos; sin embargo, se encontraron resultados controvertidos para ICAM-1 y VCAM-1. No solamente la obesidad per si, sino también la grasa visceral está más fuertemente relacionadas con las concentraciones de E-selectina y MCP-1. La pérdida de peso influencia en la reducción de las concentraciones de esas moléculas, con excepción de la VCAM-1. La distribución de macronutrientes, el consumo excesivo de grasa saturada y trans y un patrón alimentario occidental están asociados con aumento de sus concentraciones. El inverso se pudo observar con la suplementación de ácido graso w-3 en la dieta, el patrón alimentario sano y dieta rica en calcio y productos lácteos. Ya en cuanto a los parámetros bioquímicos, las mismas poseen relación inversa con HDL-c y positiva con colesterol total, triacilgliceroles, glicemia e insulinemia de ayuno y resistencia a insulina. Conclusión: Marcadores antropométricos, composición corporal, parámetros bioquímicos y patrón alimentario adecuados modulan positivamente la inflamación subclínica derivada de la obesidad por medio de la reducción de las moléculas de adhesión y quimiocinas (AU)

Avaliação da qualidade da dieta pelo Índice de Alimentação Saudável e suas variações: uma revisão bibliográfica / Evaluation of diet quality by the Healthy Eating Index and its variations: a bibliographical review

O Índice de Alimentação Saudável (IAS) é um indicador da qualidade da dieta desenvolvido de acordo com as diretrizes alimentares americanas. De uma maneira geral, os índices de avaliação da qualidade da dieta, a exemplo do IAS e suas variações, são instrumentos usados para analisar e guiar a ingestão de nutrientes e de grupos de alimentos. A composição dos índices tem sido constantemente atualizada e revisada de acordo com as recomendações de guias alimentares e diretrizes nutricionais específicas, originando novos índices aplicáveis a grupos populacionais específicos. A análise do consumo alimentar bem como das (in)adequações nutricionais pelos índices de avaliação da qualidade da dieta possibilita a promoção da saúde por meio de programas de educação nutricional. Este trabalho tem como objetivo sumarizar o Índice de Alimentação Saudável, suas adaptações e revisões segundo as recomendações de guias e pirâmides alimentares específicas para as populações norte-americanas e brasileiras (AU)

The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is an indicator of diet quality developed according to American dietary guidelines. In general, the diet quality indexes, such as the HEI and its variations, are tools used to analyze and guide the intake of nutrients and food groups. The indices composition have been constantly updated and revised according to the recommendations of specific dietary guidelines, creating new indexes applicable in population groups. The analysis of food consumption as well as the nutritional (in) adequacy by quality diet indexes allows the promotion of health through nutrition education programs. This paper aims to summarize the Healthy Eating Index, their adaptations and revisions in accordance with the recommendations of guidelines and food pyramids for American and Brazilian populations (AU)

Metabolic syndrome components can predict C reactive protein concentration in adolescents.

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is suggested to be associated with a low grade inflammation state, but the relationship between inflammation biomarkers and the components of metabolic syndrome in adolescents are still lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) serum concentrations and metabolic syndrome components in adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional population based study was conducted. Anthropometric, biochemical and clinical data were collected from 524 adolescents (11-15 years old) randomly sampled from school population of Alegre city, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Data were analyzed by STATA version 9.0. RESULTS: Adolescents with higher values for BMI (p = 0.001) and higher body fat percentage (p = 0.003) had higher CRP concentrations than those with lower BMI and body fat percentage. CRP concentrations was directly correlated with BMI (r = 0.17, p = 0.0001), waist circumference (r = 0.15, p = 0.0005), HDL-c (r = 0.13, p = 0.003), fasting insulin (r = 0.12, p = 0.003) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.11, p with = 0.01). In the multiple linear regression analysis BMI (r = 0.05, p = 0.002), fasting glucose (r = -0.01, p = 0.003) and HDL-c (r = 0.017, p < 0.001) were associated to CRP concentrations after adjusting for the other components of MS. CONCLUSION: The association found between individual components of MS and CRP concentrations suggests that inflammation might be an early event in the development of metabolic disorders in adolescents.

Antecedentes: El síndrome metabólico (SM) se sugiere que está asociada con un estado de inflamación crónica de bajo grado, pero la relación entre biomarcadores de inflamación crónica de bajo grado, pero la relación entre biomarcadores de inflamación y los componentes del síndrome metabólico en adolescentes son escasos. Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre las concentraciones séricas de proteína C reactiva (CRP) y los componentes del síndrome metabólico en adolescentes. Metodología: Hemos realizado una población basada en estudio de corte transversal. Los datos antropométricos, bioquímicos y clínicos se obtuvieron de 524 adolescentes (11-15 años de edad) seleccionados al azar de la población escolar de la ciudad Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados por STATA versión 9.0. Resultados: Los adolescentes, con valores más altos de IMC (p = 0,001) y mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal (p = 0,003) tuvieron mayores concentraciones de PCR que aquellos con menor IMC y porcentaje de grasa corporal. Las concentraciones de PCR se correlacionó directamente con el IMC (r = 0,17, p = 0,0001), la circunferencia de la cintura (r = 0,15, p = 0,0005), HDL-c (r = 0,13, p = 0,003), la insulina en ayunas (r = 0,12, p = 0,009) y la presión arterial sistólica (r = 0,11, p = a 0,01). En el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple IMC (r = 0,05, p = 0,002), la glucosa en ayunas (r = -0,01, p = 0,003) y HDL-c (r = 0,017, p < 0,001) se asociaron a las concentraciones de PCR después de ajustar por los otros componentes de SM. Conclusión: La asociación encontrada entre los componentes individuales de SM y las concentraciones de PCR sugiere que la inflamación podría ser un evento temprano en el desarrollo de trastornos metabólicos en los adolescentes.

Metabolic syndrome components can predict C reactive protein concentration in adolescents / Componentes del síndrome metabólico pueden predecir concentración de proteína C reactiva en adolescentes

BACKGROUND: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is suggested to be associated with a low grade inflammation state, but the relationship between inflammation biomarkers and the components of metabolic syndrome in adolescents are still lacking.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between C-reactive protein (CRP) serum concentrations and metabolic syndrome components in adolescents.METHODS: A cross-sectional population based study was conducted. Anthropometric, biochemical and clinical data were collected from 524 adolescents (11-15 years old) randomly sampled from school population of Alegre city, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Data were analyzed by STATA version 9.0.RESULTS: Adolescents with higher values for BMI (p = 0.001) and higher body fat percentage (p = 0.003) had higher CRP concentrations than those with lower BMI and body fat percentage. CRP concentrations was directly correlated with BMI (r = 0.17, p = 0.0001), waist circumference (r = 0.15, p = 0.0005), HDL-c (r = 0.13, p = 0.003), fasting insulin (r = 0.12, p = 0.003) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.11, p with = 0.01). In the multiple linear regression analysis BMI (r = 0.05, p = 0.002), fasting glucose (r = -0.01, p = 0.003) and HDL-c (r = 0.017, p < 0.001) were associated to CRP concentrations after adjusting for the other components of MS.CONCLUSION: The association found between individual components of MS and CRP concentrations suggests that inflammation might be an early event in the development of metabolic disorders in adolescents (AU)

Antecedentes: El síndrome metabólico (SM) se sugiere que está asociada con un estado de inflamación crónica de bajo grado, pero la relación entre biomarcadores de inflamación crónica de bajo grado, pero la relación entre biomarcadores de inflamación y los componentes del síndrome metabólico en adolescentes son escasos. Objetivo: Investigar la asociación entre las concentraciones séricas de proteína C reactiva (CRP) y los componentes del síndrome metabólico en adolescentes. Metodología: Hemos realizado una población basada en estudio de corte transversal. Los datos antropométricos, bioquímicos y clínicos se obtuvieron de 524 adolescentes (11-15 años de edad) seleccionados al azar de la población escolar de la ciudad Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados por STATA versión 9.0. Resultados: Los adolescentes, con valores más altos de IMC (p = 0,001) y mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal (p = 0,003) tuvieron mayores concentraciones de PCR que aquellos con menor IMC y porcentaje de grasa corporal. Las concentraciones de PCR se correlacionó directamente con el IMC (r = 0,17, p = 0,0001), la circunferencia de la cintura (r = 0,15, p = 0,0005), HDL-c (r = 0,13, p = 0,003), la insulina en ayunas (r = 0,12, p = 0,009) y la presión arterial sistólica (r = 0,11, p = a 0,01). En el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple IMC (r = 0,05, p = 0,002), la glucosa en ayunas (r = -0,01, p = 0,003) y HDL-c (r = 0,017, p < 0,001) se asociaron a las concentraciones de PCR después de ajustar por los otros componentes de SM. Conclusión: La asociación encontrada entre los componentes individuales de SM y las concentraciones de PCR sugiere que la inflamación podría ser un evento temprano en el desarrollo de trastornos metabólicos en los adolescentes (AU)

Antioxidant vitamins and cytokines are altered in breast cancer.

A case-control study was conducted to assess the levels of α-tocopherol, retinol, and ß-carotene in different tissues and the genetic expression of inflammatory mediators in women with breast cancer. The study included 51 women divided into two groups: case (n = 25) and benign breast disease (n = 26). We evaluated the dietary intake of α-tocopherol, retinol, and ß-carotene and measured plasma and tissue concentrations of these compounds and the inflammatory mediators IL-8, IL-10, and IFNγ. The benign breast disease group showed greater ingestion of α-tocopherol (P = 0.04) and ß-carotene (P = 0.011). The concentration of tissue α-tocopherol was reduced in the case group (P = 0.005). The expression of IL-10, IL-8, and IFNγ increased by 231.0, 49.1, and 57.5%, respectively in the case group. The results show that antioxidant nutrients possibly exert biological effects in preventing breast cancer and the immune response is activated in the course of the disease, given the increased expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory compounds with the aid of food.

[Characterization of Rickettsia spp. circulating in a silent peri-urban focus for Brazilian spotted fever in Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil]. / Caracterização de Rickettsia spp. circulante em foco silencioso de febre maculosa brasileira no Município de Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil.

The present study was intended to characterize Rickettsia spp. circulating in arthropod vectors in Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil, by PCR and to investigate the presence of antibodies against the spotted fever Rickettsiae group (SFRG) in dogs and horses. 2,610 arthropods were collected and taxonomically identified. DNA samples obtained from these vectors were submitted to PCR and cycle-sequenced. Ctenocephalides and Amblyomma cajennense showed sequences presenting 100.0% homology with R. felis. A sequence obtained from Rhipicephalus sanguineus showed 99.0% homology with R. felis, and a sequence from A. cajennense showed 97.0% homology with R. honei and R. rickettsii. Canine (73) and equine (18) serum samples were tested by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) using R. rickettsii antigen. Only three of the equine sera tested (17.0%) had positive antibody titers. Molecular detection of rickettsiae species potentially pathogenic to humans in arthropod vectors and the presence of seroreactivity to SFRG in horses show the risk of transmission of rickettsiosis in this area and the need to maintain continuous epidemiological surveillance for rickettsial diseases.

Caracterizacão de Rickettsia spp. circulante em foco silencioso de febre maculosa brasileira no Município de Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil / Characterization of Rickettsia spp. circulating in a silent peri-urban focus for Brazilian spotted fever in Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brazil

O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar Rickettsia spp. circulante em artrópodes vetores no Município de Caratinga, Minas Gerais, Brasil, por meio da PCR, e investigar a presenca de anticorpos para riquétsias do grupo da febre maculosa em cães e eqüinos. 2.610 ectoparasitos foram coletados e identificados taxonomicamente. Amostras de DNA obtidas desses vetores foram submetidas à PCR e seqüenciamento. Em pulgas do gênero Ctenocephalides e em carrapatos Amblyomma cajennense foram identificadas seqüências com 100 por cento de homologia com R. felis. Em carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus uma seqüência apresentou 99 por cento de homologia com R. felis e uma seqüência obtida de A. cajennense apresentou 97 por cento de homologia com R. honei e R. rickettsii. Soros de cães (73) e de eqüinos (18) foram submetidos à imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) usando-se antígeno de R. rickettsii. Apenas três dos soros de eqüinos (17 por cento) mostraram-se positivos. A deteccão molecular de riquetsias potencialmente patogênicas ao homem em vetores e a presenca de sororeatividade para riquetsias do grupo da febre maculosa em eqüinos, demonstram o risco de transmissão de riquetsioses nessa área e a necessidade de se manter um sistema contínuo de vigilância epidemiológica.